Associations Between Parity and Parasympathetic Regulation in Response to Infant Crying

Research suggests that women's parasympathetic response to infant crying reflects regulation of arousal and is associated with caregiving behaviors. In particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) withdrawal in response to infant cry stimuli has been associated with maternal sensitivity. However, the ways in which multiple reproductive and caregiving experiences (in terms of giving birth and raising a child) can modulate women's RSA in response to infant crying are still unknown. Our aim was to test whether women's RSA in response to infant crying is associated with parity. Participants included 184 women (62 nulliparous women; 86 primiparous women; 36 multiparous women). RSA was measured while women were watching a neutral video, followed by videos of crying infants. Analyses revealed that perception of infant crying was associated with a significant RSA withdrawal, compared to the baseline condition, in both multiparous and nulliparous women. A statistically significant RSA withdrawal was absent among primiparous women, possibly reflecting a more sustained physiological arousal to infant crying. We discuss the potential challenges in physiological regulation, indexed by RSA withdrawal, among primiparous women in response to infant crying. More sustained arousal may support an increased focus on infant signals but also predispose new mothers to perceive greater stress.