Factors Influencing the Health-Seeking Behaviour of People With Influenza-Like Symptoms in the Ayawaso East Municipality

Abstract Background Globally, influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. Defined by symptoms including fever, cough, and fatigue, ILIs lead to an estimated 3–5 million severe cases and as many as 650,000 deaths annually. The greatest impact falls on populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The study examines factors influencing the health-seeking behaviour of individuals with influenza-like illness in Ayawaso East Municipality. Methods The study employed an embedded mixed-methods design, which combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. Using purposive sampling, a minimum target sample size of 266 was estimated. Data were collected through structured questionnaires with both closed and open-ended items. Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS using descriptive statistics and regression, while qualitative data were manually analysed using thematic analysis. Results Of the 266 individuals with ILIs who participated in the study, the modal age group was 31–40 (90; 33.8%). There were 144 (54.1%) males, 64 (24.1%) were health professionals, and 88 (33.1%) had tertiary level education. Age (B = 0.068, p = 0.000), gender (B = 1.405, p = 0.000), and education (B = 0.928, p = 0.000) were found as significant predictors of good health-seeking behaviour. Psychological factors, such as perceived severity, risk perception, and health beliefs, encouraged expeditious healthcare seeking, while fear, anxiety, and overconfidence in self-care served as deterrents. System-level issues, such as affordability, distance, and convenience of access, emerged as significant determinants, with cost and efficacy directly influencing the delivery of timely care. Conclusion Health-seeking behaviour for influenza-like symptoms is shaped by a complex interplay of demographic, psychological, and healthcare system factors. While demographic characteristics significantly influence timely care-seeking, accessibility and systemic issues, such as distance, affordability, service delays, and inefficiencies often discourage it, whereas affordability and ease of access promote utilisation. Although individuals may recognize the importance of professional care, actual behaviour is frequently driven by structural and contextual barriers. Therefore, improving health-seeking behaviour requires not only modifying personal beliefs and practices but also addressing systemic obstacles including cost, distance, and inefficiencies, while acknowledging the persistent role of cultural practices.