Leibniz-type formulas for iterated symmetric difference quotients via shift operators

Fix a nonzero step size h and define the symmetric (central) difference quotient Sh as the basic discrete analogue of differentiation. Using shift operators, we prove a twisted product rule for Sh and derive an explicit Leibniz-type formula for the r-fold iterate Shr acting on a product of two functions, where the terms involve iterated symmetric differences evaluated at appropriately shifted points. We further extend the result to products of an arbitrary number of functions, obtaining a multinomial expansion with systematic shifts. Finally, we present a compact operator formulation based on shift automorphisms and a coproduct map on tensor products, which incorporates the Leibniz rules for all orders into a single identity.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Journal of Difference Equations and Applications
Published
2026-10-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/10236198.2026.2750425
Primary Topic
Mathematical and Computational Methods
Type
article
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article

Leibniz-type formulas for iterated symmetric difference quotients via shift operators

Karol Gryszka
1 links
The Journal of Difference Equations and Applications
Mathematical and Computational Methods
article

Leibniz-type formulas for iterated symmetric difference quotients via shift operators

Karol Gryszka
article en

Abstract

Fix a nonzero step size h and define the symmetric (central) difference quotient Sh as the basic discrete analogue of differentiation. Using shift operators, we prove a twisted product rule for Sh and derive an explicit Leibniz-type formula for the r-fold iterate Shr acting on a product of two functions, where the terms involve iterated symmetric differences evaluated at appropriately shifted points. We further extend the result to products of an arbitrary number of functions, obtaining a multinomial expansion with systematic shifts. Finally, we present a compact operator formulation based on shift automorphisms and a coproduct map on tensor products, which incorporates the Leibniz rules for all orders into a single identity.

The Journal of Difference Equations and Applications
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Mathematical and Computational Methods
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