Ovarian Cancer Therapy Today and Tomorrow: Unmet Needs, Innovations, and Clinical Pathways

Despite advances with surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, anti-angiogenics, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition, the treatment of ovarian cancer remains challenging due to late presentation, molecular heterogeneity, rapid emergence of resistance, and a complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). In this perspective, we will discuss major challenges in ovarian cancer therapy, focusing on how the ovarian cancer TME, including both solid tumor lesions and malignant ascites, impacts therapeutic efficacy. We also discuss emerging therapies, both at the pre-clinical stage and in clinical trials.