Effectiveness of Aftercare Program for Former Rebels

This study assessed program awareness, perceived implementation effectiveness, associated factors, and implementation challenges concerning government aftercare programs for former rebels in Sorsogon Province, Philippines, during 2022–2023. Anchored in Self-Determination Theory, the Capability Approach, and Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the research employed a descriptive-correlational design involving 102 former rebels and seven government program implementers. Data were gathered using a researcher-developed questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Findings showed relatively high awareness of livelihood programs (mean = 3.66), while educational programs received a lower awareness rating (mean = 3.11). Government aftercare programs were generally perceived as effectively implemented (overall mean = 2.99), with health programs receiving the highest implementation rating (mean = 3.02), followed by educational (2.98) and livelihood programs (2.96). Correlation analysis identified positive associations involving organizational factors and livelihood and educational program effectiveness, as well as social factors and educational and health program effectiveness. Respondents also identified substantial implementation challenges (mean = 2.98), particularly personal security concerns, insufficient manpower, inadequate funding, inconsistent policies, and interagency coordination difficulties. The findings emphasized the importance of sustained institutional support, accessible services, and coordinated community-based interventions. Accordingly, the study proposed the Strengthening Aftercare Protection and Sustainability Program to promote service continuity, livelihood development, educational opportunities, healthcare access, and institutional collaboration. The research contributes evidence to sustainable reintegration planning and supports Sustainable Development Goal 16 through its emphasis on peaceful communities and effective institutions.