Variation in the developmental profiles, identity stability, and clinical needs of nonbinary youth

Abstract Developmental psychologists have recently devoted increasing attention to nonbinary youth, who are defined as transgender and gender-expansive youth who experience and express their gender in ways that do not fit the conventional gender binary. In this article, amid growing efforts to restrict the rights of transgender youth, we review current scientific knowledge about the development and needs of nonbinary youth, focusing on variation in their developmental profiles, fluidity of identity, and mental health needs. We argue that developmental variation in nonbinary and transgender youth should be situated within a broader framework of normative developmental diversity. We also argue that such variation provides a strong rationale for ensuring that these youth have access to experienced, affirming health care providers who can give them sensitive, individualized care that meets their gender-related needs as well as other mental and physical health needs.