Addressing environmental problems and the role of environmental policy in achieving sustainable development in Azerbaijan

In the modern era, ensuring sustainable development requires reconciling economic growth with environmental safety and social welfare. Intensive use of natural resources, climate change, pollution of water and land resources, increase in waste, air pollution, and reduction of biodiversity are among the main factors affecting the long-term sustainability of economic development. The purpose of the study is to evaluate current environmental problems in Azerbaijan from the perspective of sustainable development principles, determine their impact on economic and social development, and substantiate directions for improving environmental policy. The study used a systematic and comparative approach, analysis of statistical data, and methods of scientific-theoretical generalization. The analysis utilized environmental statistical data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan, state programs, and international documents. Existing statistical data show that both positive changes and problems requiring resolution exist in the fields of waste management, use of natural resources, and ensuring environmental safety. Based on the results of the study, the main directions determined for solving environmental problems include efficient use of resources, expansion of waste recycling, development of digital monitoring systems, application of green technologies, and strengthening the institutional capacities of environmental management.