Experiences of Immersive Virtual Reality Among Older Adults With Physical Disabilities: Qualitative Process Evaluation of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence indicates that immersive virtual reality can be used therapeutically and has demonstrated efficacy in promoting the mental health of older adults. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of qualitative research examining the specific experiences underpinning these benefits. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of older adults who received the 12-session Immersive Virtual Reality Therapeutic Programme (IVRTP) intervention and health-related undergraduate students who delivered it as interventionists, within the context of residential care homes. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted as a qualitative exploration embedded in a multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of IVRTP in promoting the mental health of older adults with disabilities living in residential homes. The IVRTP incorporated therapeutic elements of tourism, natural scenes, and reminiscence. Data were collected through focus group interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Seven groups of older adults (n=28) and 3 groups of student interventionists (n=9) participated in the study. Five themes emerged: IVRTP contributes to "broadening horizons" through embracing new technology, learning new things, and engaging in new activities. Participants noted that the IVRTP provided "a realistic journey and immersive escape" from their residential home environment and mobility issues. They expressed that the IVRTP evoked "reminiscent memories" from the past and were amazed at the observed changes in tourist destinations over time. The interviews were filled with laughter and affirmations of positive emotions associated with this "joyful adventure," although a few participants mentioned "minor discomfort," such as eye soreness and dizziness, from wearing the head-mounted devices. Students' accounts corroborated these themes; their meaning-making and colearning with older adults underscored the pedagogical value of authentic, community-based, intergenerational learning and reinforced the case for integrating a community practicum into the curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing an IVRTP in residential care settings, particularly for older adults with mobility limitations, is positively viewed as an accessible, enjoyable, and beneficial intervention to support psychosocial well-being. Therapeutically oriented content delivered through a structured protocol, coupled with the use of advanced IVR technology, was appreciated by both older adults and student interventionists.