An object-oriented techno-economic framework for wind-wave-based green hydrogen microgrids: A Gökçeada case study

This study models and evaluates, from technical and economic perspectives, storing excess electricity from wind and wave energy as hydrogen and reusing it for electricity generation, using an Object-Oriented Modeling (OOM) approach to support energy continuity in island communities. The proposed OOM model was applied in the Gökçeada region of Türkiye. The model envisions installing and operating a hybrid facility consisting of a 4 MW wind turbine and ten 2.68 kW wave energy converters on this island location, with surplus energy stored as hydrogen. The initial cost of the hybrid wind-wave power system is about USD 6.16 million. According to the Monte Carlo analysis, the average levelised cost of energy (LCOE) for wind energy is 43.52 USD/MWh, that for wave energy is 654.7 USD/MWh, and that for the hybrid system is 45.2 USD/MWh – a 1 MW PEM electrolyzer yields, on average, 13.20 kg of H2 per hour. When the study accounts for three days’ worth of hydrogen storage, it assumes a storage capacity of 950.4 kg and calculates the total green hydrogen cost within the 5th-95th percentile range of 5.1429-5.2845 USD/kg H2.. Lastly, the study examines a 0.48 MW PEMFC system providing grid support over 36 hours, with an average electricity generation cost of 371.11 USD/MWh. The results show that the proposed framework can support the technical and economic evaluation of hydrogen-supported island microgrids. Thus, the system offers a pilot project opportunity for wave energy technologies expected to develop further, particularly in island communities.