“Forcing a standard that is unachievable”

South Africa is a major Southern Hemisphere exporter of fresh fruit, the largest share of which is destined for counter-seasonal, high-value European markets. Remote and proximal sensing technologies, such as satellites, drones, and field cameras, are among the cluster of digital agricultural technologies, also known as “agritech,” promising optimization of yields, the lowering of input costs, and compliance with standards set by overseas agri-food governance actors in the horticultural production network. Reflecting on the labor-environment nexus in the transition to the digital-industrial fruit farm, the following contribution explores data-driven technologies employed at the orchard level. I draw on ethnographic material collected between 2024 and 2025 in the Western Cape, South Africa's most economically productive and labor-intensive fruit growing region, focusing on the strategies of farm managers, agritech employees, and local fruit export actors. This article puts forward two main observations: (1) digital intervention should be examined in light of commercial pressures placed on producers in the form of a double bind of sustainability standards and quality specifications, as stipulated by supermarket retailers; and (2) well-known trends of labor restructuring in the post-deregulation period from the mid-1990s onward are being accelerated by the deployment of digital technologies and are further compounded by the labor redistribution accompanying the introduction of new categories of highly skilled technical workers.

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Publication Details

Journal
Focaal
Published
2026-10-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2026.1060109
Primary Topic
Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
Type
article
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article

“Forcing a standard that is unachievable”

Christine Borgvold Hansen
2 links
Focaal
Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
article

“Forcing a standard that is unachievable”

Christine Borgvold Hansen
article en

Abstract

South Africa is a major Southern Hemisphere exporter of fresh fruit, the largest share of which is destined for counter-seasonal, high-value European markets. Remote and proximal sensing technologies, such as satellites, drones, and field cameras, are among the cluster of digital agricultural technologies, also known as “agritech,” promising optimization of yields, the lowering of input costs, and compliance with standards set by overseas agri-food governance actors in the horticultural production network. Reflecting on the labor-environment nexus in the transition to the digital-industrial fruit farm, the following contribution explores data-driven technologies employed at the orchard level. I draw on ethnographic material collected between 2024 and 2025 in the Western Cape, South Africa's most economically productive and labor-intensive fruit growing region, focusing on the strategies of farm managers, agritech employees, and local fruit export actors. This article puts forward two main observations: (1) digital intervention should be examined in light of commercial pressures placed on producers in the form of a double bind of sustainability standards and quality specifications, as stipulated by supermarket retailers; and (2) well-known trends of labor restructuring in the post-deregulation period from the mid-1990s onward are being accelerated by the deployment of digital technologies and are further compounded by the labor redistribution accompanying the introduction of new categories of highly skilled technical workers.

FocaalVol. 2026(106)
Zero hunger, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Decent work and economic growth
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
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“Forcing a standard that is unachievable” — Christine Borgvold Hansen · Focaal (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS