Energy Losses Caused by Different Azimuth Orientations and Tilt Angles in Photovoltaic Systems in Monterrey Nuevo León, Mexico

Nuevo León is the second state in Mexico with the highest number of Distributed Generation (DG) projects, making it essential for companies implementing Photovoltaic (PV) Systems to understand the impact of proper orientation and tilt in their installations. This study was conducted using PVSyst V7.2.5, simulating conditions for Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, with a reference project of 6.6 kWp and 6 kW AC at optimal azimuth and tilt angles, in order to benchmark energy losses. Additionally, a dataset was generated that includes energy loss values by azimuth orientation from -180° to 180°, combined with tilt angles corresponding to maximum and minimum solar altitude at 3° intervals for Monterrey. The results provide a reference framework and scientific contribution for the positioning of PV arrays by azimuth and tilt in DG projects in Monterrey, taking into account the associated energy losses for both engineering design and business planning in the companies involved.