Enhancing security and governance in Web 3.0 through incentive mechanisms and smart contract optimization

To solve security problems in smart contracts and decentralised governance tasks of blockchain, this paper proposes an incentive-based governance mechanism improvement scheme. We begin by building a blockchain system tailored for Web 3.0, then implement Web 3.0 technologies including smart contracts for practical execution. Subsequently, we develop a governance framework with incentive mechanisms and integrate the Hegselmann-Krause (HK) clustering algorithm. By clustering nodes with similar behavioural patterns and distributing rewards through these clusters, this approach optimises reward allocation, enhancing the utilisation efficiency of incentive resources. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HK clustering method significantly outperforms pre-optimisation improvement schemes, exhibiting enhanced effectiveness and adaptability. Compared with existing game theory and cluster-based governance methods, this approach can strengthen security for smart contracts and decentralised governance in Web 3.0 systems, providing a robust solution for blockchain-based decentralised management and governance security.