Effectiveness and safety of labetalol with magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia patients and its effect on maternal and fetal outcomes: a prospective observational study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India

Background: Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Labetalol and magnesium sulfate are commonly used for blood pressure control and seizure prophylaxis, respectively. However, evidence regarding their combined effectiveness in routine clinical practice in Central India remains limited. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from October to December 2025, including 50 women with preeclampsia and 50 women without preeclampsia. Blood pressure in preeclampsia patients was recorded at baseline, 1 hour, and 4 hours after combined therapy, along with serum total protein levels measured before and after treatment. Maternal and fetal outcomes, along with adverse drug reactions, were assessed up to 48 hours postpartum. Results: Among the preeclampsia group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p<0.0001) following treatment, and total serum protein levels increased after treatment. Compared to the non-preeclampsia group, the preeclampsia group exhibited higher rates of low birth weight (82% versus 36%), preterm birth (68% versus 18%) and cesarean delivery was more frequent (76% versus 66%) but not significant (p=0.378). Adverse drug reactions were mild. Conclusions: Combined therapy was associated with effective short-term blood pressure control; however, adverse maternal and fetal outcomes were observed in women with preeclampsia.