Pulmonary Hamartoma Diagnosed by Transbronchial Mediastinal Cryobiopsy Additional to Needle Aspiration: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Pulmonary hamartoma presenting as a peribronchial lesion mimicking lymphadenopathy is diagnostically challenging, necessitating an adequate biopsy to establish a histopathological diagnosis. Here, we report a 55‐year‐old female non‐smoker, 1 month after right renal cell carcinoma resection, who had a 24 × 21 mm peribronchial lesion in the left interlobar region on chest CT, initially interpreted as an enlarged lymph node. EBUS‐TBNA yielded only cartilage and respiratory epithelium, while transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (TBMC) yielded cartilage, adipose tissue, and epithelium‐lined clefts, eventually establishing the diagnosis of a pulmonary hamartoma. At the 4‐month follow‐up, the patient reported only a slight cough, and the lesion remained stable on CT. This case presents the successful diagnosis of a pulmonary hamartoma using TBMC as an adjunct to conventional EBUS‐TBNA.