The Grassroots of Fertilizer Use: Norms and Attitudes Toward Lawn Care in Coastal Counties

Nutrient runoff reduces water quality and contributes to eutrophication in U.S. estuaries, highlighting the need to reduce nutrient inputs. Lawn fertilizers contribute substantially to nutrient pollution in runoff. Understanding the social drivers behind fertilizer use can support strategies to lower nutrient loads. We surveyed residents in two adjacent counties with different urbanization levels to identify factors influencing homeowner fertilization decisions. Participants were asked about neighborhood norms, lawn care attitudes, environmental beliefs, proximity to waterbodies, and demographics. Overall fertilizer use did not differ significantly between the more urbanized and more rural counties or with proximity to waterbodies. Instead, income and Homeowners Association membership were the strongest predictors of fertilizer use. Fertilization frequency was also positively associated with perceptions of neighborhood fertilization, indicating strong social norms favoring manicured lawns. Recognizing the complex personal and institutional factors shaping landscaping decisions can inform efforts to encourage more sustainable practices and reduce residential nutrient runoff.