Economic Contribution of Horticulture to Rural and Urban Livelihoods in Ratnagiri District

Abstract Horticulture plays a significant role in agricultural development, income generation, employment creation and livelihood sustainability in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. However, rural-to-urban migration remains an important socioeconomic concern in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra state. Larger number of Rural youths have traditionally migrated to metropolitan cities such as Mumbai and Pune in search of better employment opportunities, higher incomes and improved living standards. Nevertheless, rising living costs, increasing competition for urban employment and changing economic conditions highlight the need to explore sustainable livelihood opportunities within rural areas. In this context, the economic potential of horticultural commodities, particularly through value addition, processing, marketing and entrepreneurship, needs to be examined as a means of generating local employment, improving household incomes and reducing migration driven by limited economic opportunities in Ratnagiri district. Ratnagiri district possesses considerable potential for horticulture-based economic development, particularly through mango and cashew cultivation, processing, value addition, packaging, marketing and allied entrepreneurial activities. These activities may provide opportunities for rural youth across agricultural production, business, and technology, marketing and professional services. Nevertheless, the availability of natural resources does not automatically translate into employment, as youth career preferences, skill development, financial accessibility, market linkages and awareness of government support also influence occupational choices. This study aims to examine changes in the occupational preferences of rural youth in Ratnagiri district, assess their awareness of horticulture-based employment and entrepreneurship, and identify the factors influencing their decisions to migrate or pursue local livelihood opportunities. It also seeks to explore the potential of horticultural value chains to generate sustainable employment, promote rural entrepreneurship and strengthen the local economy. The study may help identify practical measures for aligning youth aspirations with rural economic opportunities and reducing distress-driven migration from the Ratnagiri district.