Preclinical models of Bandavirus dabieense infection: insights into pathogenesis, host responses, and translational applications

Bandavirus dabieense (DBV), the causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), is an emerging tick-borne pathogen associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite increasing incidence across East and Southeast Asia, the pathogenic mechanisms of DBV infection remain incompletely understood, and no specific antiviral therapies have been approved. Robust preclinical models are therefore essential for elucidating viral pathogenesis and accelerating therapeutic and vaccine development. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in cellular and animal models of DBV infection, including established cell lines, primary cells, interferon-deficient rodents, hamsters, ferrets, companion animals, and non-human primates. We critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of these systems in recapitulating key features of human disease and discuss their utility for investigating viral replication, host responses, inflammatory injury, and antiviral efficacy. We further highlight major gaps in the current model landscape and propose priorities for improving the physiological relevance and translational value of DBV experimental systems.