Digital Parking Management System using IoT

Finding a vacant space in a busy parking area is time-consuming, and conventional parking systems that depend on security personnel and manual observation often give inaccurate or delayed information. This paper proposes a Digital Parking Management System using IoT, an automated parking solution that combines IoT-based hardware with a web-based reservation platform. Sensors installed at individual parking slots detect vehicle presence, and a microcontroller such as the ESP32 converts the readings into a slot status shown by a traffic-signal-type indicator: green for empty, red for occupied and yellow for reserved. The status is sent over an IoT network to a central database, which drives an entrance display board showing the total, empty, occupied and reserved slots, and a website on which users can check availability and reserve a slot in advance. If an unauthorized vehicle occupies a reserved slot, the system generates a buzzer alert. The design is organized into five modules: slot detection and status indication, central display and IoT communication, database and parking management, web-based reservation, and reserved-slot monitoring with alert. This paper presents the architecture, methodology and planned evaluation of the system; the prototype is yet to be tested, and no experimental results are claimed.