The integrative theory of supportive network (re)structuring: a case study in the context of LGBTQ+ hate speech

Abstract Social support is a fundamental human need and communication process. Yet, scholars theorizing about social support have been limited by several pervasive assumptions: (a) people are able to recruit support when needed, (b) others are willing and able to provide support, (c) what counts as “good” support is mutually understood and desirable, and (d) support seeking is binary and static. Researchers must productively move beyond these assumptions to enhance the depth and breadth of theorizing about the process of support seeking. By addressing these assumptions and consolidating the literature concerning support seeking and marshaling, we set forth the novel, field-general integrative theory of supportive network (re)structuring (ITSNS) grounded in the interpretive paradigm. To accomplish this, we introduce process theorizing, forward three propositions forming the ITSNS’ heuristic framework, and offer criteria for evaluating the ITSNS. Finally, to illustrate the utility of the ITSNS in research practice, we offer a case study in the context of LGBTQ+ people seeking support following an experience of hate speech.