PREVALENCIA DE MACROSOMÍA FETAL Y CARACTERÍSTICAS MATERNO-NEONATALES EN UN HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE PARAGUAY, 2023-2024

Objective: To describe the prevalence of fetal macrosomia and the maternal-neonatal characteristics in single pregnancies managed at the Hospital General de Luque (January 2023 - December 2024). Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study based on clinical records and perinatal registries. Results: A total of 3,177 live births were recorded, identifying 195 macrosomic neonates, representing a hospital prevalence of 6.1% (6.8% in 2023 and 5.2% in 2024). The mean maternal age was 28.5 ± 6.3 years, with a predominance of multiparous women (65.6%). The most frequent comorbidities were gestational/pregestational diabetes (28.7%), hypertensive disorders (22.6%), and obesity (9.7%). Cesarean delivery was the primary mode of birth (74.4%). Most newborns had an Apgar score between 7 and 10 at minute 1 (89.8%) and minute 5 (97.9%). The mean birth weight was 4,205.7 ± 187.0 g and the mean gestational age was 39.2 ± 1.15 weeks, with male predominance (64.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of fetal macrosomia was 6.1%, associated with multiparity and maternal diabetes. Cesarean section was the predominant delivery mode, and immediate neonatal adaptation was generally favorable.