Land Management Practices Control the Changes in Soil Quality

Soil quality is essential for agricultural productivity and long-term sustainability. Different land management practices can influence soil properties and their ability to support plant growth. This study evaluated differences in soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil water-holding capacity (SWFC), and microporosity among eight sampling locations representing different land management practices in Western Kentucky. Soil samples were collected from McLean and Calloway Counties at eight locations: Woodland, Berry Field, Squash Field, Wheat Field, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Corn Field, Bean Field, and Conservation Tillage Field. These locations represented different agricultural and conservation management practices. Soil samples were collected at a depth of approximately 4 inches for laboratory analysis. Results showed variations in soil properties among the eight locations. Average soil pH ranged from 5.87 in the Bean Field to 6.43 in the Wheat Field. Soil organic matter ranged from 3.81% in the Squash Field to 5.77% in the CRP area. Soil water-holding capacity ranged from 30.90% in the Berry Field to 35.56% in the Bean Field, while macroporosity ranged from 33.19% in the Corn Field to 38.29% in the Wheat Field. The CRP area exhibited the highest organic matter content (5.77%), potentially reflecting reduced soil disturbance and continuous vegetation cover. These findings suggest that land management practices and site-specific conditions may control the changes in soil quality, indicating the importance of appropriate management decisions in maintaining soils and long-term agricultural sustainability. Keywords: Land management practices, Soil pH, Soil organic matter, Soil quality, Water holding capacity