Performance Benchmarking and Resilience-Oriented Operational Prioritization in Airport Infrastructure Systems: An Integrated Entropy–TOPSIS–Shapley Framework

Performance benchmarking and resource prioritization are essential to resilience, service continuity, and sustainable management in complex airport infrastructure systems. This study develops an integrated Entropy–TOPSIS–Shapley framework to benchmark expert-assessed relative operational performance across departments and explain the criteria underlying their rankings. Istanbul Airport provides the empirical setting, with nine operational units evaluated against eight economic, environmental, technological, operational, risk, quality, flexibility, and sustainability criteria. Data were collected from 25 airport professionals through separate assessments of criterion importance and unit performance. Entropy weights were calculated from a 25 × 8 expert-by-criterion importance matrix, while TOPSIS ranked the units using aggregated performance ratings. A ±10% criterion-weight sensitivity analysis assessed ranking stability, and a coalition-based Shapley analysis quantified criterion contributions to reproducing the baseline ranking. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was also used to examine expert agreement. Sustainability integration (C8; weight = 0.210) and environmental performance/impact mitigation (C2; weight = 0.166) received the highest entropy weights. Environment and Landscaping Management (A9) ranked first, followed by Wildlife Management (A4) and Terminal Operations Management (A6). The complete ranking remained unchanged in 15 of 16 sensitivity scenarios; reducing C2 by 10% exchanged the positions of A4 and A6. Shapley results identified C2 and C8 as the largest contributors to baseline-ranking reconstruction under the specified rank-agreement payoff. Expert concordance was statistically significant but varied across evaluations. These findings highlight sustainability-related dimensions in airport operational performance assessments. The framework offers transparent, interpretable within-airport benchmarking to inform managerial discussions, without claiming to estimate technical efficiency or prescribe automatic resource allocation.