A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Diverse Values for Multifunctional Landscapes

Environmental values are underexplored in semi-arid, multifunctional landscapes, such as North America’s sagebrush steppe. We developed a typology of values for sagebrush steppe using semi-structured interviews. We then characterized patterns in participants’ values through Q-methodology and a statewide survey. Our findings challenge assumptions about public indifference toward semi-arid landscapes, revealing numerous values for sagebrush steppe that converge with and build upon existing values frameworks. While many participants expressed close connections to sagebrush landscapes, some aspects of sagebrush steppe are valued for their broader contributions to society, even when they are not of personal importance. We further interpret these values and their patterns through different conceptual lenses (i.e., values as contributions, priorities, and relations) and present considerations for values elicitation and pluralism. This research offers actionable insights into how varied populations connect with semi-arid systems and for incorporating diverse values into more inclusive and sustainable management of multifunctional landscapes.