Role of Boiled Fenugreek Seed Extract in Alleviating Hepatic and Embryonic Damage of Dimethoate in a Murine Model

Dimethoate (DM) is one of the most used organophosphorus pesticides for controlling insect pests; the extensive use of this insecticide has led to negative effects in non-target species, including humans. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of boiled fenugreek seed extract against the hepatic and embryonic damage of DM in mice. Mice were divided into three groups: the first group (control) was given distilled water orally, while the second group received DM, and the third group was given DM and fenugreek seed extract for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, the body and liver weights were recorded. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured, and histopathological evaluation of liver tissues was conducted. Results showed a significant decline in the body weight of the second and third groups compared to the control. Administration of DM led to a significant reduction in ALT and ALP levels, as well as histopathological alterations in hepatic tissues. When the mating procedure was conducted, a decrease in the body weight and length of embryos was observed. In contrast, treatment with fenugreek seed extract following DM reduced those negative influences. This study revealed that DM exerted detrimental effects on hepatic tissues, associated liver enzymes, and the embryos. In contrast, administration of fenugreek seed extract revealed a positive role in improving those negative influences of DM without causing any harmful side effects.