Prevención del reclutamiento juvenil en bandas juveniles violentas: revisión sistemática de intervenciones basadas en evidencia

The recruitment of adolescents into violent youth gangs is shaped by individual, family and community factors. This study systematically reviews 21 preventive psychosocial interventions targeting young people aged 12 to 21 at risk of recruitment, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and other intervention evaluation designs were included. Methodological quality was assessed using CASPe, and levels of evidence were classified using SIGN. Multicomponent interventions combining family, school and community components showed the most consistent effects in reducing behaviours linked to recruitment and reoffending, while improving self-control and psychosocial well-being. Age, family involvement, educational continuity and community context influenced intervention effectiveness. Preventing recruitment into violent youth gangs requires comprehensive strategies tailored to the target population’s level of risk.