Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Simulasi dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Klinis dan Keselamatan Pasien pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan: Literature Review

Simulation-based learning is a pedagogical approach used to bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and the application of clinical practice in nursing education. This literature review aimed to analyze the effectiveness of simulation-based learning in improving clinical competence and patient safety among nursing students, while also identifying implementation barriers and the supporting requirements needed for its successful application. The method employed was a systematic literature review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed and Europe PMC databases using combinations of keywords related to nursing students, simulation-based learning, clinical simulation, clinical competency, and patient safety. The selected articles consisted of original research studies or reviews published between 2015 and 2025, available in full text, written in either Indonesian or English, and addressing the use of simulation in nursing education. The selection process involved screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, followed by thematic analysis and narrative synthesis of the data. The findings indicated that simulation-based learning can improve students’ knowledge, procedural skills, clinical assessment, communication, teamwork, critical thinking, decision-making, self-confidence, and readiness for clinical practice. Repeated practice, immediate feedback, deliberate practice, and structured debriefing support reflection and performance improvement before students encounter real patients. Simulation also has the potential to reduce the risk of clinical errors and strengthen the implementation of patient safety principles. However, its implementation is still influenced by facility costs, limited laboratory and technological resources, faculty readiness, workload, and the lack of standardized scenarios and evaluation methods. In conclusion, simulation-based learning is effective as an essential component of the nursing curriculum; however, its success requires institutional support, facilitator training, standardized protocols, curricular integration, and sustainable resource management, particularly in institutions with limited access to adequate clinical practice settings.