Confident First, Reflective Second: Reinforcement Learning of Confidence-Preserving Reflection for Video Understanding

Video models answer from sampled frames and may miss the decisive moment. A common remedy is to commit to an answer, re-examine the video, and confirm or revise it, a loop now mainly learned with reinforcement learning (RL). We find that RL erodes the initial answer, a phenomenon we term confidence erosion, where confidence means the label-verified reliability of the initial answer instead of self-reported certainty: because errors can be repaired later, a correct initial answer earns less reward, and the initial answer stalls even as the final answer's gain over it rises. We propose the principle confident first, reflective second: the initial answer must stay reliable on its own, above a floor set by a reference policy, and reflection may only add to it. Our method, CoFire, implements this principle with one mechanism for each erosion channel: reward incentives, parameter drift, and gradient interference. CoFire reaches 67.0% mean accuracy on Video-MME, MLVU, and LongVideoBench, 1.7 points above the strongest compared 7B method, and improves initial-answer and final accuracy over outcome-reward RL by 4.1 and 3.7 points on average: a stronger initial answer carries through to a stronger final one.

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Publication Details

Journal
arXiv (Cornell University)
Published
2026-10-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.36467
Primary Topic
Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Confident First, Reflective Second: Reinforcement Learning of Confidence-Preserving Reflection for Video Understanding

Zihao Lin, Yucheng Zhang, Jingyuan Liu, Lifu Huang et al.
arXiv (Cornell University)
Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
preprint

Confident First, Reflective Second: Reinforcement Learning of Confidence-Preserving Reflection for Video Understanding

Zihao Lin, Yucheng Zhang, Jingyuan Liu, Lifu Huang, Yuguang Yao
preprint en

Abstract

Video models answer from sampled frames and may miss the decisive moment. A common remedy is to commit to an answer, re-examine the video, and confirm or revise it, a loop now mainly learned with reinforcement learning (RL). We find that RL erodes the initial answer, a phenomenon we term confidence erosion, where confidence means the label-verified reliability of the initial answer instead of self-reported certainty: because errors can be repaired later, a correct initial answer earns less reward, and the initial answer stalls even as the final answer's gain over it rises. We propose the principle confident first, reflective second: the initial answer must stay reliable on its own, above a floor set by a reference policy, and reflection may only add to it. Our method, CoFire, implements this principle with one mechanism for each erosion channel: reward incentives, parameter drift, and gradient interference. CoFire reaches 67.0% mean accuracy on Video-MME, MLVU, and LongVideoBench, 1.7 points above the strongest compared 7B method, and improves initial-answer and final accuracy over outcome-reward RL by 4.1 and 3.7 points on average: a stronger initial answer carries through to a stronger final one.

arXiv (Cornell University)
Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
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