Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with chronic hepatitis B before and after the national vaccination program

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, transmission routes, and outcomes of children with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) andcompare patients born before and after the national vaccination program.Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 387 children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with chronic HBV infectionbetween 2006 and 2025. Patients were divided into pre-vaccination (born ≤1997) and post-vaccination (born ≥1998) groups.Demographic, clinical, and serological data were analyzed.Results: The number of diagnosed cases declined markedly over time, with 375 cases identified between 2006–2015 compared with12 cases between 2016–2025 (p