The Relationship Between Dietary Intake (Calcium and Vitamin D) and Physical Activity with Bone Density in the Elderly at Granmed Hospital, Lubuk Pakam

Decreased bone density in older adults may increase the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, affecting health and quality of life. Calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and physical activity are factors that contribute to bone health. This study aimed to determine the relationships between calcium intake, vitamin D intake, physical activity, and bone density among older adults at Granmed Hospital, Lubuk Pakam. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 81 respondents selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and measurements, then analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. The results showed that 34 respondents (42.0%) had osteopenia, 28 (34.6%) had osteoporosis, and 19 (23.5%) had normal bone density. Most respondents had inadequate calcium intake (76.5%), inadequate vitamin D intake (86.4%), and moderate physical activity (64.2%). The Chi-square test demonstrated significant relationships between calcium intake, vitamin D intake, physical activity, and bone density, with p-values of less than 0.001 for all three variables. In conclusion, calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and physical activity are significantly associated with bone density among older adults. Adequate nutrient intake and appropriate physical activity should be considered to support bone health in older adults.