Transisi Outsourcing Gudang ke 3PL di Industri Pertambangan: Kajian Literatur Sistematis Tantangan Organizational Development

The global mining sector increasingly relies on third-party logistics (3PL) to achieve operational efficiencies, yet transitioning warehouse operations from self-operated models to external providers introduces complex organizational development (OD) challenges. This study aims to systematically identify and categorize these challenges within mining logistics. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024. Based on the inclusion criteria focusing specifically on mining logistics and organizational change, 35 articles were analyzed from an initial pool of 308. The findings reveal five primary OD themes: employee resistance and workforce transition complexities, loss of tacit institutional knowledge, cultural and information system integration barriers, contract governance challenges, and decision misalignments between headquarters and local sites. Furthermore, these themes interact in a complex causal network that threatens operational continuity. Synthesizing the evidence from the reviewed literature regarding the failure mechanisms of these five challenges, the study concludes that successful 3PL transitions require targeted organizational interventions: (1) systemic change management frameworks (e.g., proactive communication and dual-manning periods) to mitigate workforce resistance and preserve tacit operational knowledge, (2) relational resilience strategies based on mutual trust to bridge cultural and system integration gaps, and (3) internal intelligent client capabilities and inclusive transition steering committees to resolve headquarters-local decision misalignments and ensure robust contract governance.