Comprehensive QM/ML Study of Dislocation Loop Line Segments in α-Zr Part I: Loop Core Geometries, Solute Binding, and Transition Barriers

Zr cladding alloys in nuclear reactors are exposed to high neutron fluxes, making irradiation-induced defects and solute segregation central to understanding their in-service behaviour. Dislocation cores involve short-range chemistry and long-range elastic fields, which are difficult to describe simultaneously using conventional atomistic methods. Using a hybrid quantum mechanics/machine learning (QM/ML) framework, this part of work examines prismatic loops in hcp α-Zr. All three loop variants are considered, including faulted and perfect, interstitial- and vacancy-type, and first- and second-order prismatic configurations. Nine possible dislocation line segments are characterised in terms of core geometry, solute binding, glide barriers and faulted-to-perfect transition pathways using QM/ML and newly implemented QM/ML-NEB calculations. Shockley and half-Shockley partials, together with basal and prismatic fault ribbons, are found to govern core stabilisation. Fe and H preferentially bind to faulted segments, whereas Sn and Nb favour perfect segments. Solutes can also drive partial motion, recombination and local unfaulting. These results establish a comprehensive picture of loop microstructure, solute trapping and transition mechanisms in α-Zr.