Estratégias pedagógicas e ajustes cinesiológicos na prescrição de exercícios de musculação para adultos iniciantes: uma revisão de literatura

Motor learning and kinesiological adaptation are determining factors during the initial phase of resistance training (RT). The aim of this study was to analyze strategies proposed in the scientific literature for the pedagogical and kinesiological adaptation of traditional resistance exercises, addressing the mobility and body awareness limitations of novice adults. A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and academic repositories, resulting in the selection of 18 key studies. The results demonstrate that this adaptation is based on four pillars: 1) initial use of resistance machines to provide mechanical stability and reduce technical variability, progressively transitioning to free weights; 2) implementation of pre-exercise joint mobility routines to increase range of motion and provide proprioceptive stimulation; 3) directing the focus of attention externally and using targeted verbal feedback to accelerate motor retention; and 4) self-regulation of intensity via Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Repetitions in Reserve (RIR), preceded by familiarization sessions. It is concluded that kinesiological and pedagogical adaptation is a necessary scientific procedure to prevent postural compensations, improve motor skill acquisition, and promote adherence to training among beginners.