A Comprehensive Review On Electrophoretically Deposited Hydroxyapatite-Based Composite Coatings On 316 LVM Stainless Steel For Biomedical Applications

316LVM stainless steel is widely used in biomedical applications but suffers from limited corrosion resistance, requiring surface modification. This review examines electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of hydroxyapatite (HA)-based coatings to enhance corrosion resistance, bioactivity, and osseointegration. While HA offers excellent biocompatibility, its mechanical limitations are improved by incorporating TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nanoparticles. Overall, EPD-derived composite coatings show strong potential for improving implant performance, with further optimization and long-term validation needed.