Batching the Reflective Optimization Loop: Parallel Proposals Make GEPA Faster and Better

Reflective text optimization makes agentic systems better, but the optimization loop is itself a resource-hungry workload whose sequential structure leaves parallel evaluation capacity idle. We extend the open-source GEPA optimizer to propose and evaluate a batch of candidates on each optimization step instead of one candidate at a time. In our sweep on two tasks, most batched runs finished in half the wall-clock time or less, and the fastest in about a quarter to a third. Batched settings also achieved higher held-out test scores, from 68.9% to 72.1% on LiveBench-Math (with $2\times2$) and from 49.0% to 60.0% on HoVer (with $8\times1$). A simple runtime model explains the measured speedups under a finite worker pool, and batched settings also spend their metric-call and dollar budgets more efficiently. We frame the axes along which a reflective optimization step can scale in parallel, a first look at allocating a fixed optimization budget across them.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
arXiv (Cornell University)
Published
2026-10-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.36774
Primary Topic
Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Batching the Reflective Optimization Loop: Parallel Proposals Make GEPA Faster and Better

Dan Klein, Matei Zaharia, Alexandros G. Dimakis, Koushik Sen et al.
arXiv (Cornell University)
Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
preprint

Batching the Reflective Optimization Loop: Parallel Proposals Make GEPA Faster and Better

Dan Klein, Matei Zaharia, Alexandros G. Dimakis, Koushik Sen, Lutfi Eren Erdogan, Lakshya A Agrawal, Donghyun Lee, Shangyin Tan, Jialin Zhang
preprint en

Abstract

Reflective text optimization makes agentic systems better, but the optimization loop is itself a resource-hungry workload whose sequential structure leaves parallel evaluation capacity idle. We extend the open-source GEPA optimizer to propose and evaluate a batch of candidates on each optimization step instead of one candidate at a time. In our sweep on two tasks, most batched runs finished in half the wall-clock time or less, and the fastest in about a quarter to a third. Batched settings also achieved higher held-out test scores, from 68.9% to 72.1% on LiveBench-Math (with $2\times2$) and from 49.0% to 60.0% on HoVer (with $8\times1$). A simple runtime model explains the measured speedups under a finite worker pool, and batched settings also spend their metric-call and dollar budgets more efficiently. We frame the axes along which a reflective optimization step can scale in parallel, a first look at allocating a fixed optimization budget across them.

arXiv (Cornell University)
Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
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