When Did Your Town Last See a Total Eclipse? Every Path of Totality over Britain and Ireland, AD 1000 to 2200

How often does a given town see a total eclipse of the Sun, and when did each town in Britain and Ireland last see one? I compute every solar eclipse from AD 1000 to 2200 with the open-source Astronomy Engine library, correcting its long-term lunar acceleration to the value assumed by the Espenak and Meeus Delta T formulas, and test 17,103 cities, towns and villages and a 4 km land grid second by second. Of 2,850 eclipses, 60 had a central shadow touching land in Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands: 30 total (21 before 28 October 2026) and 30 annular. 98% of the land sees at least one total eclipse in the 1,200 years; the mean is 3.35, a return period of 359 years, close to the worldwide figure of about 375 years. London's only total eclipse in the window is Halley's of 1715; for 54% of 1,819 cities and towns the last total eclipse was in 1715 or 1724, and no path of totality touched land between 1724 and 1927. 15 towns, in east Kent and south Ulster and the Irish border counties, see none in the whole window. The calculation reproduces 30 of the 31 eclipses in a published British list and matches recorded durations to within about 12 seconds. A one minute error in Delta T moves a path about 16 km and changes the verdict for 32 to 39 of the 685 towns in the path of 1140, so medieval and future dates near path edges are uncertain. Interactive version: https://tristan-hotham.github.io/eclipse-towns/. Data and code: https://github.com/Tristan-Hotham/eclipse-towns. Blog post: https://blog.tristanhotham.com/2026/10/28/eclipse-towns/.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23729634
Primary Topic
Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
Type
preprint
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preprint

When Did Your Town Last See a Total Eclipse? Every Path of Totality over Britain and Ireland, AD 1000 to 2200

Tristan Hotham
2 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
preprint

When Did Your Town Last See a Total Eclipse? Every Path of Totality over Britain and Ireland, AD 1000 to 2200

Tristan Hotham
preprint en

Abstract

How often does a given town see a total eclipse of the Sun, and when did each town in Britain and Ireland last see one? I compute every solar eclipse from AD 1000 to 2200 with the open-source Astronomy Engine library, correcting its long-term lunar acceleration to the value assumed by the Espenak and Meeus Delta T formulas, and test 17,103 cities, towns and villages and a 4 km land grid second by second. Of 2,850 eclipses, 60 had a central shadow touching land in Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands: 30 total (21 before 28 October 2026) and 30 annular. 98% of the land sees at least one total eclipse in the 1,200 years; the mean is 3.35, a return period of 359 years, close to the worldwide figure of about 375 years. London's only total eclipse in the window is Halley's of 1715; for 54% of 1,819 cities and towns the last total eclipse was in 1715 or 1724, and no path of totality touched land between 1724 and 1927. 15 towns, in east Kent and south Ulster and the Irish border counties, see none in the whole window. The calculation reproduces 30 of the 31 eclipses in a published British list and matches recorded durations to within about 12 seconds. A one minute error in Delta T moves a path about 16 km and changes the verdict for 32 to 39 of the 685 towns in the path of 1140, so medieval and future dates near path edges are uncertain. Interactive version: https://tristan-hotham.github.io/eclipse-towns/. Data and code: https://github.com/Tristan-Hotham/eclipse-towns. Blog post: https://blog.tristanhotham.com/2026/10/28/eclipse-towns/.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Sustainable cities and communities
Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
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