Suppressing wind-induced co-phasing errors in large segmented telescopes via multi-condition optimization

To address the non-uniform wind load and co-phasing challenges of large-aperture segmented primary mirrors during all-sky observations, we propose a multi-condition optimization method for the Qinghai University Explorer Spectroscopic Telescope. Based on measured wind data from the Lenghu site, computational fluid dynamics simulations are utilized to extract zenith angle-dependent wind pressure distributions. These precise loads are integrated into an equivalent finite element model to optimize the primary mirror support structure, minimizing pose errors across all pointing directions. Under typical operational wind speeds (6 m/s), the root mean square wavefront error consistently remains below 0.032 waves across all zenith angles. Furthermore, transient analysis independently evaluates the surface piston and tip–tilt errors under fluctuating wind loads. This optical performance-driven optimization strategy provides a transferable analysis framework for the optomechanical design of future extremely large telescopes.