ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ САУЫН СИЫРЛАРДЫҢ МАСТИТ - ЭНДОМЕТРИТ СИНДРОМЫ

Mastitis and endometritis are among the most common diseases affecting dairy cattle, causing reduced milk production, impaired reproductive performance, increased treatment costs, and considerable economic losses. The concurrent occurrence of these diseases, referred to as mastitis–endometritis syndrome (MES), is characterized by a more severe clinical course and requires integrated diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MES in dairy farms of the Turkestan and East Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identify the major bacterial pathogens, and develop practical recommendations for disease control. The study was conducted in one dairy farm in the Turkestan Region and two dairy farms in the East Kazakhstan Region. Mastitis was diagnosed using clinical examination, visual inspection, palpation, and rapid mastitis tests, whereas endometritis was diagnosed based on clinical signs and vaginal examination. Bacteriological analysis included the isolation and identification of microorganisms from milk and uterine samples and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility. Among 85 diseased dairy cows, mastitis was diagnosed in 45 animals (52.9%), endometritis in 40 (47.1%), and mastitis–endometritis syndrome in 13 (15.3%). The prevalence of MES ranged from 11.4% to 26.6% across the studied farms. The predominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Escherichia coli. Mastitis lesions were most frequently observed in the rear udder quarters, particularly the right rear quarter (71.4%). The results confirm the multifactorial nature of MES and emphasize the importance of combining clinical and bacteriological diagnostic methods. Effective control of the syndrome should include routine epizootiological monitoring, pathogen identification with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, improved milking hygiene and postpartum management, and integrated preventive measures. The findings provide a scientific basis for improving MES diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in dairy herds.