Fast and Low-Noise 3D Meta-Holography Based on Complex-Amplitude Constraint

Abstract Driven by the rapid development of nanomanufacturing technology, meta-holography has become a research frontier in the field of optoelectronics. However, existing meta-hologram design schemes still struggle to achieve rapid hologram generation, largely due to the high calculation cost of hologram generation. In addition, there is inevitable aliasing noise in subwavelength sampling, which affects the further development of 3D meta-holography. Here, we propose a fast 3D meta-holography method with reduced reconstruction noise based on a complex-amplitude constraint. By introducing a complex-amplitude constraint on a single reference plane during hologram design, the proposed method reduces reconstruction noise while markedly lowering the calculation cost. Furthermore, we fabricated a metasurface with near-vertical sidewalls approaching 90° and exceptional pattern integrity via the etch-pump cycling method, enabling robust experimental validation. Compared with conventional GS-based optimization schemes, the proposed method improves reconstruction quality and calculation efficiency simultaneously. At 50 iterations, the peak signal-to-noise ratio is improved by approximately 49% relative to the conventional amplitude-constrained GS algorithm, while the calculation time is reduced by up to 97% compared with conventional multiplane GS algorithms. This fast and low-noise 3D meta-holography is promising for compact 3D display, wearable photonics, and related holographic imaging applications.