IoT-Based Smart Video Doorbell with Real-Time Monitoring and Two-Way Audio Communication

Conventional doorbells provide only a local audible indication that someone is waiting at the entrance. They do not provide remote visual awareness or a convenient way for the resident to communicate with the visitor. This paper presents an IoT-based smart video doorbell that combines a network camera, edge processing, real-time video monitoring, event notifications, and full-duplex audio communication in a single residential security unit. A compact controller such as an ESP32-class camera board can acquire visitor video and detect a doorbell event, while an edge or gateway processor can perform optional face verification and event filtering. The system forwards selected events through a secure Internet connection to a mobile or web interface. The resident can view the entrance remotely and communicate with the visitor through a microphone and speaker without opening the door. A modular architecture is proposed so that face recognition can be enabled when sufficient computing resources and an appropriate privacy policy are available. The design also considers authentication, encrypted communication, local fallback operation, and data-minimization practices. The proposed system offers an affordable and extensible approach for smart-home entry monitoring while addressing limitations of traditional wireless doorbells