Program Management Functions and Complete Basic Immunization Coverage: A Literature Review

Complete basic immunization coverage among children is influenced not only by individual and family factors but also by the quality of immunization program management. This literature review aims to analyze the role of program management functions in achieving complete basic immunization coverage. A search was conducted for articles published between 2015 and 2025 using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. A total of 11 articles that met the criteria were analyzed narratively and thematically. The findings were grouped into four main functions: planning; organizing and coordinating; implementation or mobilization of resources; and supervision, monitoring, and evaluation. The review results indicate that data-driven planning, microplanning, cross-actor coordination, capacity building for health workers, logistical support, supportive supervision, data utilization, and tracking of children who have dropped out are associated with improved program performance and increases in various immunization coverage indicators. However, the magnitude of these changes varies across regions, and not all studies allow for causal conclusions. Strengthening management functions as an integrated and adaptive cycle tailored to the local context is necessary to support the improvement and equitable distribution of complete basic immunization coverage.