Prevalence of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia among in Haematological malignancies and its Haematological Patterns at National Oncology Centre in Sana’a, Yemen

Background and aims: Chromosomal abnormalities and an increase in primitive myeloid cells are hallmarks of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant condition of myeloid blood cells in the bone marrow. This study examined the prevalence, subtypes, and haematological characteristics of AML in patients at the National Oncology Center in Sana’a, Yemen, where information regarding this illness is still lacking.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 487 patients with malignant hematological tumors, including 49 with acute myeloid leukemia. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire, and a venous blood sample (3 mL) was drawn for evaluation. Complete blood counts were performed using an Advia 2120i hematology analyzer, and blood and bone marrow morphological examinations were conducted using Giemsa staining.Results: The study included 487 patients, 269 (55.2%) men and 218 (44.8%) women, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1 and ages ranging from 1 to 76 years. The most prevalent hematological malignancies were nonHodgkin lymphoma (39.43%), leukemia (37.17%), and Hodgkin disease (17.04%). Acute leukemia was diagnosed in 20.94% of patients, whereas chronic leukemia accounted for 16.22%. Specific leukemia types included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (10.88%) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (6.16%). AML had a prevalence of 10.06% among leukemia cases, with a mean age of 24.75 years. The FAB-M2 subtype was the most prevalent in acute myeloid leukemia at 34.7%, and other subtypes included M5 (22.4%), M0 (14.3%), M1 and M3 (10.2% each), and M4 (8.2%). Hematological changes in patients included anemia (100%), leukocytosis (63.3%), and thrombocytopenia (89.8%).Conclusion: Leukemia was the most common malignant hematological tumor. The prevalence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is high, and it is the second most common type of leukemia. The AML-M2 subtype is the most frequent acute myeloid leukemia type. Anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia are common hematological changes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.