РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ И БИОЛОГО-ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЕРБЛЮДОМАТОК (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS) ТУРКМЕНСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ АРВАНА РАЗЛИЧНОЙ КРОВНОСТИ

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of infertility, milk yield, physiological characteristics, and morphological and biochemical blood parameters of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) of the Turkmen Arvana breed of different bloodlines. The incidence of infertile camels ranged from 10.0% to 20.0% of the total population. The lowest incidence of obstetric and gynecological diseases was observed in camels of purebred dromedary breeds Arvana (12.0%) and Kurt IV (10.0%), compared to Kurt III (20.0%) and Kurt II (20.0%). The effective pregnancy rate of camels ranged from 88.6% to 97.5%, with an average of 92.3%. The successful foaling rate ranged from 92.1% to 97.4%, with an average of 94.9%. Purebred female camels of the Turkmen Arvana breed had an average live weight of 555.7 kg, Kurt IV – 525.9 kg, Kurt III – 505.7 kg, Kurt II – 577.1 kg. Female camels of the Turkmen Arvana breed had a high height at the withers from 180 cm to 200 cm. The oblique body length was 155–180 cm, the chest girth varied from 190 cm to 235 cm, the metacarpus girth varied from 18.5 cm to 21.5 cm. The milk yield coefficient of female camels of the Turkmen Arvana breed of different bloodlines varied from 514.6 to 758.2. The highest actual milk yield was shown by the camel breed Kurt IV – 1955.3 kg and purebred – 1955.3 kg, the lowest – Kurt III – 1955.3 kg and Kurt II – 1680.3 ± 143 kg. Purebred dromedaries had the least milk fat – 3.5%, in comparison with Kurt IV – 4.5%, Kurt II – 4.1%, and Kurt III – 3.9%. Milk protein varied from 3.4% to 3.9%, lactose from 4.7% to 5.1%. Clinical and physiological parameters of Turkmen dromedary camels of different bloodlines corresponded to the norms. Body temperature was 36.3–37.7C, pulse rate 32.9–35.7 beats per minute, respiratory rate 7.6–10.1 breaths per minute. In Turkmen Arvana breed of different bloodlines, the number of erythrocytes in the blood varied within 5.9–6.8 million/μl, the concentration of hemoglobin was from 12.7 to 14.8 g/%, the number of leukocytes varied from 13.9 to 16.7 thousand/μl, the content of platelets fluctuated from 426.6 to 650.7 thousand/μl. For Turkmen Arvana breed Arvana of different bloodlines, the leukocyte formula was as follows: basophils from 0.02% to 0.09%; eosinophils from 4.84% to 7.19%; band neutrophils from 7.69% to 11.58%; segmented neutrophils from 39.99% to 44.96%; lymphocytes from 38.92% to 40.41% and monocytes from 2.17% to 3.88%.