Double Standards for Sentience in Animals and Artificial Systems?

The approaches to the recognition and detection of sentience in animals and in artificial systems are compared and found to differ substantially. There is an emphasis in investigations of animal sentience on finding empirical evidence of felt experience, usually of pain, and on structures such as a central nervous system. The standard of evidence for artificial sentience is weaker and tends to rely on the observation of external behaviour and appearance. Some of these differences are due to the contrasting influences of anthropomorphism and deception. Arguments against the likelihood of artificial sentience are presented. There is evidence of double standards, in the form of a lower bar for artificial sentience as compared to animal sentience. To counteract this, it is argued that we need to resist the effects of anthropomorphism and deception on views of artificial systems, and to maintain an awareness of their limitations and lack of sentience.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Adaptive Behavior
Published
2026-10-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/10597123261499543
Primary Topic
Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Double Standards for Sentience in Animals and Artificial Systems?

AMANDA J. C. SHARKEY
4 links
Adaptive Behavior
Philosophy and Theoretical Science
article

Double Standards for Sentience in Animals and Artificial Systems?

AMANDA J. C. SHARKEY
article en

Abstract

The approaches to the recognition and detection of sentience in animals and in artificial systems are compared and found to differ substantially. There is an emphasis in investigations of animal sentience on finding empirical evidence of felt experience, usually of pain, and on structures such as a central nervous system. The standard of evidence for artificial sentience is weaker and tends to rely on the observation of external behaviour and appearance. Some of these differences are due to the contrasting influences of anthropomorphism and deception. Arguments against the likelihood of artificial sentience are presented. There is evidence of double standards, in the form of a lower bar for artificial sentience as compared to animal sentience. To counteract this, it is argued that we need to resist the effects of anthropomorphism and deception on views of artificial systems, and to maintain an awareness of their limitations and lack of sentience.

Adaptive Behavior
University of Sheffield (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Philosophy and Theoretical Science
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon
Double Standards for Sentience in Animals and Artificial Systems? — AMANDA J. C. SHARKEY · Adaptive Behavior (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS