“E fermoso desobedecer às ordes criminais”. La influencia del altermundismo en movimiento social en favor de la objeción de conciencia e insumisión en Galicia

The article examines how conscientious objection and draft resistance in Spain moved from being personal and scattered decisions to becoming a social movement with organisation, repertoires of action, and a shared moral and political framework. Its main interpretive focus is on “frames”, that is, the categories that allow actors to make sense of their experience and justify disobedience in public. This process explains the shift from individual refusal to sustained collective action The anti-NATO campaign of the 1980s was decisive, but the alter-globalisation turn of the 1990s broadened and strengthened this earlier framework. Antimilitarism then incorporated elements of anti-nuclear pacifism, ecofeminism, and criticism of US and NATO imperialism. As a result, the movement’s vocabulary expanded. It moved beyond the simple slogan of “no to military service” towards a language of rights, human security, the demilitarisation of democracy, and criticism of the military-industrial complex. The article gives a central role to militant publications, seen as both a laboratory and a loudspeaker for this shift. In Galicia, and also in the rest of Spain, these journals and bulletins helped to broaden the movement’s social base and to legitimise an antimilitarist tradition that had emerged in the 1970s and was reshaped after the fall of the Berlin Wall.