Antimicrobial Activity and In Silico ADME Properties of Tyrosol and Their Derivatives Compounds

ABSTRACT According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bacterial resistance is a critical global public health concern, highlighting the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. Tyrosol (1), a phenolic compound known for its broad spectrum of biological activities, served as the lead framework for the synthesis of three derivatives: 4‐(2‐acetoxyethyl)‐phenylacetate (2), 4‐(2‐(butyryloxy)‐ethyl)‐phenylbutyrate (3), and 4‐(2‐(benzoyloxy)‐ethyl)‐phenylbenzoate (4). Their structures were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria using the broth microdilution method. Among them, compound 2 exhibited the most potent activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 3.9 µg/mL. In addition, in silico ADME physicochemical properties were calculated using the SwissADME web tool. Compound 3 is also described for the first time in the literature.