Antimony from Water, Not from Trash: Liquid-Stream Recovery by Deep-Vacuum Separation Compared with Flash Joule Heating of Flame-Retardant Plastic
Preprint comparing flash Joule heating of flame-retardant electronics plastic (Rice University, 2026) with ARBOK-Antimony, a deep-vacuum fractional separation unit that recovers antimony from liquid streams: geothermal waters, underground brines and mine drainage. 39% of world antimony goes into flame-retardant plastics; the US imports 100% of the 20,000-25,000 t it consumes per year (USD 150-200 million). ARBOK-Antimony: 20-foot container, 200 t of water per day, 0.5-0.7 kWh per tonne of water, TRL 8. Salton Sea area alone: 2,000-3,000 t of antimony per year, 3-4% of the world market; 10-50% of US consumption with geothermal hubs, mine waters and tailings.
Authors
- D. B. Ponomarenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5806-7159)
- Michael Vischmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0722-2007)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-10-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23730709
- Primary Topic
- Extraction and Separation Processes
- Type
- preprint