Gravitational Collapse Beyond the Neutron-Star Limit: Can Standard-Model Matter Produce a Finite High-Density Core? Revision III: Refined Mathematical Formulation of the Słowik Hypothesis
This study presents Revision III of the mathematical investigation of the Słowik hypothesis concerning gravitational collapse beyond the maximum stable neutron-star mass. The central question is whether a collapsing stellar-mass configuration, represented by a 2.8-solar-mass reference model, can drive Standard-Model matter through dense-QCD and electroweak regimes and whether the resulting stress-energy can support a finite, nonsingular core. The analysis uses classical General Relativity and Standard-Model thermodynamics, including the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equilibrium equations, Misner–Sharp relativistic hydrodynamics, beta-equilibrium conditions, causal equations of state, microscopic timescale comparisons, and curvature regularity criteria. The heuristic gravitational-energy matching scale R_E = GMm_N/E is evaluated at characteristic W, Z, Higgs, and electroweak energy scales. These diagnostic radii lie between approximately 15.8 and 48.3 meters for the reference mass, well inside its Schwarzschild radius. They are not derived phase boundaries or independently established physical layers. A quantitative energy-density budget provides a central constraint. At the electroweak crossover temperature of approximately 159.5 GeV, hypothetical uniformly thermalized spheres at the heuristic radii would require masses of approximately 10^4 to 10^6 solar masses, exceeding the available 2.8-solar-mass budget by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, macroscopic thermally equilibrated electroweak regions at these radii cannot be supported within the declared reference model. No regular finite core or discrete four-layer structure is derived from the minimal classical framework. The original microscopic-hierarchy hypothesis is retained as an open physical question, while its proposed stabilization mechanism remains unsupported by the calculations presented here. The work distinguishes established relativistic physics, heuristic energy-scale mappings, numerical constraints, and unresolved hypotheses, and identifies the additional dynamical and microphysical conditions required for future testing.
Authors
- Ali Alhawarat M (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8590-0285)
- Marcin Słowik
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-10-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23717490
- Primary Topic
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Type
- preprint