Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia Di Era Transaksi Digital

Consumer protection is a central part of economic law because modern transactions often place consumers in a weaker position regarding access to information, contract formation, and risk allocation. This article examines the legal construction of consumer protection in Indonesia, focusing on governing principles, consumer rights, business liability, institutions, dispute resolution, and digital transactions. The study applies a normative juridical method through statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary legal materials include Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 on Trading Through Electronic Systems, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the second amendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, Minister of Trade Regulation Number 19 of 2026 on Electronic Commerce Business Operations, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 235/PUU-XXIII/2025. The study finds that Law Number 8 of 1999 remains the basic framework, yet digital commerce requires stronger regulatory integration, clearer allocation of responsibility between sellers and platform operators, accessible dispute resolution, and stronger institutional independence. Consumer protection should therefore move beyond ex post compensation and strengthen preventive duties through transparent information, fair contractual design, effective supervision, and practical complaint mechanisms.