A New Record for the Katz–Tao Sum–Difference Exponent

We prove the record upper bound 1.8263483657186… for the Katz–Tao sum–difference exponent, valid in every abelian group without 2-torsion. Using only Shannon inequalities, conditional copies and Katz–Tao’s original directions, whose classical single-grid argument gives 11/6, we go below 11/6, obtaining 2762/1509 and 152/83. The classical proof can therefore be improved using its own tools. For every abelian group, we prove the universal bound 1.8264161855212…, below the previous record for the real Katz–Tao constant. The same constant is featured in Problem 6.30 of the AlphaEvolve study, where extremal-distribution search improved its lower bound while leaving the upper bound at 11/6. CASPAC, the computational mathematics engine of CASP, discovered the proofs through AI-directed search, and they are verified by independent exact checkers. This upload includes the paper and a reproducible source package containing complete rational certificates, proofs of every auxiliary inequality, verification code and exact verification receipts.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23714414
Primary Topic
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
Type
preprint
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preprint

A New Record for the Katz–Tao Sum–Difference Exponent

Atrin Farnamfar
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
preprint

A New Record for the Katz–Tao Sum–Difference Exponent

Atrin Farnamfar
preprint en

Abstract

We prove the record upper bound 1.8263483657186… for the Katz–Tao sum–difference exponent, valid in every abelian group without 2-torsion. Using only Shannon inequalities, conditional copies and Katz–Tao’s original directions, whose classical single-grid argument gives 11/6, we go below 11/6, obtaining 2762/1509 and 152/83. The classical proof can therefore be improved using its own tools. For every abelian group, we prove the universal bound 1.8264161855212…, below the previous record for the real Katz–Tao constant. The same constant is featured in Problem 6.30 of the AlphaEvolve study, where extremal-distribution search improved its lower bound while leaving the upper bound at 11/6. CASPAC, the computational mathematics engine of CASP, discovered the proofs through AI-directed search, and they are verified by independent exact checkers. This upload includes the paper and a reproducible source package containing complete rational certificates, proofs of every auxiliary inequality, verification code and exact verification receipts.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
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