Stabilizer-based verification of QFHE T -gadget state
Quantum fully homomorphic encryption (QFHE) relies on specially prepared gadget states to handle non-Clifford gates, so the correctness of these resource states is essential to the correctness of the overall encrypted computation. In this paper, we study the correctness and verification of QFHE T-gadget-state preparation using the stabilizer formalism. We derive explicit stabilizer generators for the T-gadget state and prove that, for a fixed gadget-state parameter, these generators uniquely characterize the target state up to a global phase. This yields a correctness-equivalence theorem: a prepared gadget state is correct if and only if it satisfies all corresponding stabilizer-generator conditions. Based on this result, we propose a stabilizer-based verification protocol with a cut-and-choose strategy, prove completeness, and establish a batch-level soundness bound based on a worst-case per-gadget detection probability of at least 1/2. Finally, a Qiskit simulation of a toy T-gadget state with an intentionally introduced Pauli error illustrates how a preparation error can be detected through a stabilizer-sign mismatch.
Authors
- Shanxiang Lyu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5005-5056)
- Qiang Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-8143)
- Daipengwei Bao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9377-0009)
- Xiaoqing Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3303-2493)
- Yonghong Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6041-6540)
Institutions
- Jinan University (CN)
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- International Journal of Modern Physics B
- Published
- 2026-10-28
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217979226502991
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China